O režimu velikih voda reka Kosova i Metohije

The examples from Kosovo and Metohia attempted to point to some problems in the domain of hydrogeographic regionalization. The river water regime, especially the phase of high flows which marks this regime, has been the topic of almost all researches which treat water resources of drainage basins. However, the thing that has not been achieved till now is the unique solution by which the classification of rivers would be made according to this feature. On this example it has been shown that even some older methods, based on genetic analysis of hydrograms and of global type, as well as some recent ones, with lot of quantitative entry and regional approaches, cannot with certainty answer all the challenges which river regimes bring with themselves. This work shows that apart from climate, orographic and physiognomic features of drainage basins, the periods of data processing and the analysis of individual intra-annual series of discharges are very important as well. Discretization on time periods shorter than one month, as well as elimination of the extreme values of discharges in the longtime series is recommended for the future research.Primerima sa Kosova i Metohije se pokušalo ukazati na neke probleme iz domena hidrogeografske rejonizacije. Vodni režim reka, posebno faza velikih voda koja daje pečat tom režimu, tema je gotovo svih istraživanja koja tretiraju vodne resurse slivova. Ono što, međutim, nije do sada postignuto, to je univerzalno rešenje kojim bi se izvršila klasifikacija reka po ovoj osobini. Na ovom primeru se pokazuje kako i neki stariji metodi, zasnovani na genetskom raščlanjivanju hidrograma i globalnog su tipa, isto kao i neki noviji, sa mnoštvom kvantitativnih odrednica i regionalnog pristupa, ne mogu sa pouzdanošću da odgovore na sve izazove koje sobom nose rečni režimi. Ovim radom se ukazuje i da su osim klimatskih, orografskih i fizionomskih osobina slivova veoma važni i periodi obrade podataka i analiza pojedinačnih unutargodišnjih serija proticaja. Za buduće istraživanje se preporučuje i diskretizacija na vremenske periode kraće od jednog meseca, kao i eliminacija ekstremnih vrednosti proticaja u dugogodišnjem nizu

O režimu velikih voda reka Kosova i Metohije

The examples from Kosovo and Metohia attempted to point to some problems in the domain of hydrogeographic regionalization. The river water regime, especially the phase of high flows which marks this regime, has been the topic of almost all researches which treat water resources of drainage basins. However, the thing that has not been achieved till now is the unique solution by which the classification of rivers would be made according to this feature. On this example it has been shown that even some older methods, based on genetic analysis of hydrograms and of global type, as well as some recent ones, with lot of quantitative entry and regional approaches, cannot with certainty answer all the challenges which river regimes bring with themselves. This work shows that apart from climate, orographic and physiognomic features of drainage basins, the periods of data processing and the analysis of individual intra-annual series of discharges are very important as well. Discretization on time periods shorter than one month, as well as elimination of the extreme values of discharges in the longtime series is recommended for the future research.Primerima sa Kosova i Metohije se pokušalo ukazati na neke probleme iz domena hidrogeografske rejonizacije. Vodni režim reka, posebno faza velikih voda koja daje pečat tom režimu, tema je gotovo svih istraživanja koja tretiraju vodne resurse slivova. Ono što, međutim, nije do sada postignuto, to je univerzalno rešenje kojim bi se izvršila klasifikacija reka po ovoj osobini. Na ovom primeru se pokazuje kako i neki stariji metodi, zasnovani na genetskom raščlanjivanju hidrograma i globalnog su tipa, isto kao i neki noviji, sa mnoštvom kvantitativnih odrednica i regionalnog pristupa, ne mogu sa pouzdanošću da odgovore na sve izazove koje sobom nose rečni režimi. Ovim radom se ukazuje i da su osim klimatskih, orografskih i fizionomskih osobina slivova veoma važni i periodi obrade podataka i analiza pojedinačnih unutargodišnjih serija proticaja. Za buduće istraživanje se preporučuje i diskretizacija na vremenske periode kraće od jednog meseca, kao i eliminacija ekstremnih vrednosti proticaja u dugogodišnjem nizu

AMERIČKA VS NJEMAČKA ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING (ABC) METODA. UČINCI NA UPRAVLJANJE POSLOVNIM ODLUKAMA U AUTOMOBILSKOJ INDUSTRIJI

This paper seeks to describe the role that activity-oriented cost accounting systems, i.e. US American and German activity-based costing, play in the establishment of supply-chainnetworks in the modern automotive industry. These cost accounting systems are the subject of analysis for two reasons: they relatively successfully describe the causality principle between cost drivers and cost objects and represent two different approaches of cost calculation within the activity-oriented concept. Also, the paper attempts to show that the efficiency of these systems is contingent on the value chain activity to which the systems were applied. Although based on identical conceptual frameworks, these systems do not have the same cost allocation purposes in automotive industry.Ovaj rad nastoji opisati ulogu koju sustavi obračuna troškova utemeljeni na aktivnostima, tj. američki i njemački sustav obračuna troškova po aktivnostima imaju u uspostavljanju mreže opskrbe u suvremenoj automobilskoj industriji. Ovi sustavi obračuna troškova su predmet analize iz dva razloga: relativno uspješno opisuju princip uzročnosti izmjeđu izazivača troškova i mjesta troškova i predstavljaju dva različita pristupa obračuna troškova unutar koncepta koji se temelji na aktivnostima. Teži se dokazivanju da učinkovitost ovih sistema ovisi od toga u kom području lanca stvaranja vrijednosti su primjenjeni. Iako se temelje na istom konceptualnom okviru, oni nemaju iste ciljeve obračuna troškova u automobilskoj industriji

Protection of hydrological heritage sites of Serbia: Problems and perspectives

Protection of hydrological heritage sites, water protection segment, is an integral part of nature con¬servation. Today it is the basic theme of the hydrological heritage, the new field of hydrology and geo¬heritage, which, by exploring and evaluating hydrological diversity of a particular area and identifying representative water phenomena, sets their preservation and protection as one of the utmost objec¬tives. Two main problems in the protection of water phenomena in Serbia are: inadequate attitude of the individual and society, as a result of poor knowledge of the characteristics and values of waters, and the ever–present need for men to use them (as resources). Lack of understanding, in the profession¬al sphere, the value and importance of water phenomena in the natural system – as a result of a firmly based biocentrism in nature conservation, lack of hydrologic group within the geoheritage and a small number of interested professionals are some of the associated problems that limit the activities in this field. Specific problems – from the lack of organized and synchronized scientific research to the lack of a database on the hydrological heritage sites, are somewhat common to other segments of the na¬ture conservation of Serbia. There are three possible directions of the future actions on the protection of hydrological heritage sites of Serbia: complete protection, protection with utilisation for the needs of tourism and protection with utilisation for the needs of water management. The most complex task of hydrological heritage will just be to combine the preservation and protection with tourism and wa¬ter management, because it is diverse and often conflicting industries about. A possible solution to this problem is illustrated through the idea of water reserves

Prvi nalaz tumorogenih sojeva Agrobacterium radiobacter na malini u Srbiji

During the spring of 2003, gall symptoms on the roots and crowns of young raspberry plants cv. Vilamette were observed near Valjevo. Phytopathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased plant samples. Based on the pathogenic, morphological, differential biochemical and physiological characteristics, the isolated strains were identified as tumorigenic Agrobacterium radiobacter (biovar 1 Agrobacterium). In order to confirm the identity of isolated strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers complementary to tms2 gene located on the Ti plasmid were used. In the first PCR protocol using a tms2F1 + tms2R2 primer pair, 617 bp products specific for tumorigenic Agrobacterium strains were amplified. The second PCR protocol, using a tms2F1 + tms2B primer pair, amplified the expected 458 bp products. On the basis of multiplex PCR with primers complementary to chromosomal gene coding for 23S rRNA, the isolated strains were classified as biovar 1 Agrobacterium (A. radiobacter). This is the first report of tumorigenic A. radiobacter on raspberry in Serbia.Tokom proleća 2003. godine, zapaženi su tumori na korenu i korenovom vratu mladih biljaka maline sorte Vilamette u okolini Valjeva. Iz obolelih uzoraka izolovane su fitopatogene bakterije. Proučavanjem patogenih, morfoloških i diferencijalnih biohemijsko-fizioloških karakteristika izolovanih sojeva, utvrđeno je da proučavani sojevi pripadaju bakteriji Agrobacterium radiobacter (biovar 1). U cilju potvrde identiteta izolovanih sojeva lančanom reakcijom polimeraze (PCR), korišćeni su prajmeri komplementarni tms2 genu lociranom na Ti plazmidu. U prvoj PCR reakciji izvedenoj korišćenjem tms2F1 + tms2R2 para prajmera, detektovani su fragmenti nukleinske kiseline veličine 617 baznih parova (bp), specifični za tumorogene sojeve A. tumefaciens. U drugoj PCR reakciji korišćenjem para prajmera tms2F1 i tms2B su amplifikovani PCR produkti očekivane veličine 458 bp, karakteristični za ovu bakteriju. Na osnovu multiplex PCR reakcije korišćenjem prajmera komplementarnih na hromozomalni gen koji kodira 23S rRNA sojevi izolovani iz tumora na korenu maline svrstani su u biovar 1 Agrobacterium (A. radiobacter). Ovo je prvi nalaz ove bakterije na malini u Srbiji

Etiološka proučavanja bakteriozne vlažne truleži uskladištenih glavica komorača

Soft rot bacterial strains were isolated from diseased fennel bulbs. They were characterised on the basis of its pathogenicity morphological, cultural and biochemical properties. All investigated strains caused the soft rot of inoculated fenel bulbs, pepper fruits as well as clices of potato and carrot. Results of bacteriological properties show that soft rot of fennel bulbs were caused by Gram negative, nonfluorescent, facultative anaerobic, levan and oxidase negative bacteria belonging to the genus Pectobacterium. The investigared strains utilised lactose, grew at 5% NaCl and weak growth was recorded on 37oC; they are resistent to erytromicin. Negative results were recorded in indol, phospathase, lecithinase and reducing compounds pf sucrose tests. These results as well as the characteristics growth on Logan differential medium indicated that sof rot of fenel bulbs was caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. This is the first report of this bacterium affecting fennel bulbs in Serbia.U radu su proučene patogene i biohemijske odlike fitopatogenih bakterija izolovanih iz glavica komorača sa simptomima truleži. Proučavani sojevi prouzrokuju trulež glavica komorača, veštački inokulisanih, plodova paprike, kao i kriški mrkve i krompira i pri tome ispoljavaju izraženu pektolitičku aktivnost. Proučavanjem bakterioloških odlika utvrđeno je da su izolovani sojevi Gramnegativni, ne fluoresciraju na Kingovoj podlozi B, glukozu metabolišu i u aerobnim i anaerobnim uslovima, ne stvaraju levan i oksidazu. Na osnovu navedenih karakteristika zaključeno je da ispitivani sojevi pripadaju rodu Pectobacterium. Proučavani sojevi ne stvaraju fosfatazu, lecitinazu, indol, redukujuće supstance iz saharoze, a na Loganovoj podlozi formiraju karakteristične kolonije ružičaste boje sa tamnim centrom. Na osnovu ovih, ali i rezultata ostalih diferencijalnih testova za vrste roda Pectobacterium (metabolizam ugljenih hidrata, razvoj pri 5% NaCl, osetljivost prema eritromicinu), zaključeno je da vlažnu trulež komorača prouzrokuje bakterija Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Ovo je prvo saopštenje o nalazu ove bakterije kao patogena komorača u Srbiji

Morphological and chemical analysis of local populations of the white radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Бела ротква (Raphanus sativus L.) припада фамилији Cruciferae, по својим прехрамбеним и лековитим својствима спада у ред највреднијих повртарских култура. Бела ротква је често гајено поврће на окућницама тако да се може наћи релативно велики број локалних популација. У раду су приказани резултати испитивања 12 популација беле роткве прикупљених на територији Србије. Њихове морфолошке и хемијске особине поређене су са стандардном сортом Зимска бела. У трогодишњем периоду (2011-2014) анализиране су следеће морфолошке особине: просечна маса корена, облик корена, пречник врата корена и пречник средине корена. Хемијском анализом одређена је сува материја, укупни минерали, укупни шећери и садржај воде. Циљ је био да се испита квалитет прикупљених популација беле роткве и њихова могућност укључивања у процес селекције ради стварања нових сорти беле роткве у Институту за повртарство.White radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to the Cruciferae family, and is one of the most valuable vegetable crops due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. White radish is often a vegetable grown in backyards, so a relatively high number of local populations can be found. The paper presents the results of testing 12 populations of white radish collected on the territory of Serbia. Their morphological and chemical properties were compared with the standard Winter White variety. In the three-year period (2011-2014), the following morphological characteristics were analyzed: average root mass, root blight, root neck diameter, root center diameter. Dry matter, total minerals, total sugars and water were determined by chemical analysis. The aim was to examine the quality of the collected populations of white radish and their possibility of inclusion in the selection process in order to create new varieties of white radish at the Institute for Vegetable Crops

Identifikacija i karakterizacija bakterije Pseudomonas syringae patogena breskve

Pseudomonas syringae is economically important plant pathogen, found on a number of hosts including fruit trees, field crops, vegetables and decorative plants. This phytopathogenic bacteria is becoming a quite widespread pathogen on the fruit trees in Serbia, causing significant economic loses. Up to now it was experimentally confirmed as a pathogen on the pear, apple, apricot, cherry, sour cherry, plum trees as well as raspberries. In this study Pseudomonas syringae was identificated as pathogen on peach tree in Serbia. Detection of syrB gene was used for identification phytotoxins tipical for P. syringae pv. syringae. Our experiment showed that detection of syrB genes can be used as a diagnostic tool in determining pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae parasites on peach trees.Pseudomonas syringae ekonomski značajan biljni patogen širokog kruga domaćina koji uključuje voćke, ratarske, povrtarske i ukrasne biljke. Ova fitopatogena bakterija naročitu pažnju privlači kao patogen voćaka prouzrokujući sve veće štete. Do sada je eksperimentalno potvrđen kao parazit kruške, jabuke, kajsije, trešnje, višnje, šljive i maline. Pseudomonas syringae je identifikovan kao patogen breskve u Srbiji. Detekcija syrB gen je korišćena za identifikaciju fitotoksina karakterističnog za P. syringae pv. syringae. Naš je eksperiment pokazao da se detekcijom SyrB gena kao dijagnostičkog alata može identifikovati patogeni varijetet patogen breskve

Health testing different genotypes alfalfa seeds

In this study we investigated the presence of plant pathogenic genera of fungi on seeds of three different cultivars of alfalfa (K-22, NS-Banat and OS-88) with three different lots (locality) of each cultivars. When tested cultivars were identified following genera of fungi: Alternaria spp ., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Mucor spp. and sterile mycelium. The presence of the identified genera of fungi ranged from 0% to 2%. Genus Alternaria spp. lowest average value was in alfalfa cultivars K-22 (0.42%), while the highest average value of a cultivar OS-88 (0.58 %), and also at the same cultivar was noted by the presence of one (1%) at the locality of Osijek I. In all the cultivars of alfalfa, a high coefficient of variation, indicating a high variability within the three cultivars for this trait. The highest average attendance of the genus Fusarium spp. was observed in cultivar OS-88 (0.75%), and in the same cultivar is the largest presence (1.25%) were recorded at the locality of Osijek II. For the studied alfalfa cultivars were examined correlations between parameters of seed quality and the presence of pathogens on seeds of different cultivars of alfalfa and lots. Strong positive correlations were observed between germination energy and total germi­nation (r=0.891***), and between mass of 1000 seeds and the presence of Fusarium spp. (r=0.797**). The results of these tests indicate satisfactory state of health of all cultivars and alfalfa seed lots and in particular in relation to the economically important phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium spp.U ovom radu je ispitivano prisustvo fitopatogenih rodova gljiva na semenu tri različite sorte lucerke (K-22, NS-Banat i OS-88) sa po tri različite partije (lokaliteta) od svake sorte. Kod ispitivanih sorti identifikovani su sledeći rodovi gljiva: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Mucor spp. i sterilna micelija. Prisustvo identifikovanih rodova gljiva kretalo se u rasponu od 0% do 2%. Rod Alternaria spp. najmanju prosečnu vrednost imao je kod sorte lucerke K-22 (0.42%), dok je najveću prosečnu vrednost imao kod sorte OS-88 (0.58%), a takođe kod iste sorte konstatovano je najveće prisustvo od (1%) na lokalitetu Osijek I. Kod svih ispitivanih sorata lucerke utvrđen je visok koeficijent varijacije, što ukazuje na visoku varijabilnost unutar samih sorata za ovo svojstvo. Najveće prosečno prisustvo gljiva roda Fusarium spp. zabeleženo je kod sorte OS-88 (0.75%), a kod iste sorte je najveće prisustvo (1.25%) zabeleženo na lokalitetu Osijek II. Na proučavanim sortama lucerke ispitani su korelacioni odnosi između parametara kvaliteta semena i prisustva patogena na semenu različitih sorata i partija lucerke. Jake pozitivne korelacije zabeležene su između energije klijanja i ukupne klijavosti (r=0,891***), kao i između mase 1000 semena i prisustva gljiva iz roda Fusarium spp. (r=0,797**). Rezultati ovih ispitivanja ukazuju na zadovoljavajuće zdravstveno stanje svih sorata i partija semena lucerke a posebno u odnosu na ekonomski značajne fitopatogene gljive iz roda Fusarium spp